Insights
Understanding themarkets.
Short explainers on how the materials we cover are produced, specified and valued. General information, not advice.
01
Base metals and concentrates
Copper concentrate: what it is andhow it is valued.
Why most copper leaves the mine as a concentrate, and what a smelter looks at before it buys.
02
Precious metals and PGMs
Gold doré and bullion: from themine to the vault.
What doré is, how it becomes a bar of recognised fineness, and why provenance documents decide everything.
03
Battery and energy metals
Battery metals: from rawmaterial to cathode.
The steps between a lithium, nickel or cobalt mine and a battery cell, and what each step demands.
04
Minor and critical metals
Rare earths: why a smallmarket matters.
Seventeen elements, one key use in permanent magnets, and a processing chain with few plants.
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